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  • Isethulo Sokuhlukaniswa Kwesihlu Semolekyuli

Isethulo Sokuhlukaniswa Kwesihlu Semolekyuli

Incazelo

Ama-molecule ezinto ezihlukene ahlukaniswa ngokubaluleka nobukhulu be-adsorption, ngakho isithombe sibizwa ngokuthi "isisefo samangqamuzana".

Isisefo samangqamuzana (esaziwa nangokuthi i-synthetic zeolite) i-silicate microporous crystal.Kuwuhlaka oluyisisekelo lwamathambo olwakhiwe nge-silicon aluminate, olunama-cations ensimbi (afana ne-Na +, K +, Ca2 +, njll.) ukuze kulinganiswe inkokhiso engalungile eyeqile kukristalu.Uhlobo lwesisefo samangqamuzana luhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi uhlobo A, uhlobo lwe-X kanye nohlobo lwe-Y ngokusho kwesakhiwo sekristalu.

Ifomula yekhemikhali yamaseli e-zeolite:

 Mx/n [(AlO.2) x (SiO.2) y]WH.2O.

Mx/n:.

 I-cation ion, igcina i-crystal ingathathi hlangothi ngogesi

(AlO2) x (SiO2) y:

 Uhlaka lwamathambo amakristalu e-zeolite, anomumo ohlukene wezimbobo namashaneli

I-H2O:

 umhwamuko wamanzi okhangiswa ngokomzimba

Izici:

 I-adsorption eminingi kanye ne-desorption ingenziwa
Thayipha Isisefo Semolekyuli

Ingxenye eyinhloko yohlobo A isisefo samangqamuzana i-silicon aluminate.

Imbobo yekristalu eyinhloko yisakhiwo se-octaring.Imbobo ye-crystal aperture enkulu ngu-4Å(1Å=10-10m), eyaziwa ngokuthi uhlobo 4A (okwaziwa nangokuthi uhlobo A) isisefo samangqamuzana;
Shintshanisa i-Ca2 + ye-Na + ku-4A yesisefo samangqamuzana, okwenza indawo yokuvula engu-5A, okuwuhlobo lwe-5A (aka calcium A) isisefo samangqamuzana;
I-K+ yesisefo se-molecular 4A, yenza imbobo engu-3A, okuyi-3A (aka potassium A) isisefo samangqamuzana.

 
Thayipha X Isihlungi Semolekyuli

Ingxenye eyinhloko yesisefo se-X yamangqamuzana i-silicon aluminate, imbobo yekristalu eyinhloko iyisakhiwo sendandatho eyishumi nambili.
Isakhiwo se-crystal esihlukile sakha i-crystal sieve ye-molecular ene-aperture ye-9-10 A, ebizwa ngokuthi i-13X (eyaziwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwe-sodium X) i-molecular sieve;

I-Ca2 + yashintshaniswa nge-Na + ngesisefo se-molecular 13X, yenza ikristalu ye-molecular sieve enembobo engu-8-9 A, ebizwa ngokuthi i-10X (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-calcium X) i-molecular sieve.

 

Thayipha Isisefo Semolekyuli

I-Molecular Sieve1

Thayipha X Isihlungi Semolekyuli

I-Molecular Sieve2

Isicelo

I-adsorption yezinto ezibonakalayo ivela ku-adsorption ebonakalayo (i-vander Waals Force), ene-polarity eqinile kanye nezinkambu ze-Coulomb ngaphakathi kwembobo yekristalu, ebonisa amandla okukhangisa aqinile ama-molecule e-polar (njengamanzi) nama-molecule angagcwele.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwembobo yesisefo samangqamuzana kufana kakhulu, futhi izinto kuphela ezinobubanzi bemolekyuli encane kunobubanzi bembobo ezingangena embotsheni yekristalu ngaphakathi kwesisefo samangqamuzana.

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